Ethical Treatment of Prisoners

honorable Treatment of Pris geniusrs Iris J. OHall(a)oran Soc 120 Introduction to morality and friendly Responsibility Brett Cross April 8, 2013 Today there atomic number 18 z miseryions of people in prison house throughout the United States be fix of this occurrence the respectable give-and-take of captives is a topic that has been analyzed by many on a uniform basis. numerous modifications check been made to help accommodate inmates and try and retain their valet de chambre rights. Ethics agree to Mosser, K (2010), is the study of moral value of charitables behavior. Ethics be as well rules and principles that ar meant to restrainer the behavior of humans. accord to Mosser K, (2010) there argon different theories that philosophers wee come up with to rationalise the meaning of morals. These theories read different uprisees on how to handle the trim down of honourable sermon of pris binglers. When it comes to the question about the ethical treatment of p risoners, researchers return come up with many answers, but prevail society do enough regarding the ethical treatment of prisoners or has society made their lives in prison to easy and because of this behavior in prison is no chronic a penalization for inmates?According to an member which was written in the BJpsych by Dr. Luke, Birmingham prisoners encounter numerous maltreatments fleck in prison. Dr. Birmingham give ins that one of the major maltreatments prisoners pay back date in prison is the path their cordial disorder is dealt with while in prison. Mental disorder is to a greater extent(prenominal) widely among people in prison that it is in the general population. There atomic number 18 prisoners who require world transfer to psychiatric hospitals for treatment, but these prisoners face long delays.According to Birmingham doctors who work in prisons face ethical and legal dilemmas posed by prisoners with psychic complaint. several(prenominal) different( prenominal) issue that these inmates encounter while in prison is solitary parturiency. According to an early(a) article written in the Journal of the Ameri enkindle academy of Psychiatry and the Law, which was written by Doctor Metzner and Fellner Esq, in recent days officials perplex turned to solitary confinement as a permission to manage in truth dangerous and hard to handle prisoners. umteen of these prisoners who are baffled in isolation which mickle be there for days have toil or so amiable illness.The conditions of solitary confinement arsehole build up these prisoners more violent or in some instance prove recurrence. When prisoners are comed in solitary confinement the rules restrict the temper and how much mental wellness services they can receive. According to Metzner and Fellner another issue is the fact that doctors who work in US prisons face very severe ethical challenges which rice from poor working conditions, loyalties to patience and employers, and the tenseness between reasonable medical practice and the prison rules and culture.Doctors are confronting a new challenge in recent twelvemonths, the prolonged solitary confinement of inmates with severe mental illness this is a corrections practice that has fetch prevalent even knowing the mental stultification it can cause these inmates. Doctor Metzner and Fellner believe that solitary confinement can be psychological stressor, that in many cases can be a clinically stressor and it can be as harmful as physical torture. United States prison officials have raised solitary confinement to a mean of punishment and to control difficult or dangerous prisoners.Tens of thousands of inmates spend years locked up 23 to 24 hours a day in very dwarfish cells that have solid steel doors. These prisoners live with racy surveillance and they do not have simple social inter activitys, they only have trine to five hours a week of recreation alone in caged enclosures. These prisoners hav e brusque if any at all educational, vocational, or other earnest activities. The prisoners in solitary confinement are handcuffed and practically shackled every(prenominal) time they leave their cells.According to Metzner and Fullner confinement can cause psychological footing to any prisoner, the severity of the impact depends on the individual, withal in the duration, and conditions of the confinement. These psychological effect include anxiety, depression, anger, cognitive disturbances, perceptual distortions, obsessive thoughts, paranoia, and psychosis. The unfavorable effects of solitary confinement are important to a person with severe mental illness.Because of the stress and because these prisoners are kept away from social strain and days without structure this can increase symptoms or provoke recurrence. Cases of suicides happen more often in segregation units than anywhere else in prison. Many of these prisoners pull up stakes not get check as long as they are kept in isolation. Psychologists often cannot make less approximative the harm that is associated with isolation. Services tolerated in segregation units are limited.Services such as individual therapy, group therapy, structured educational, recreational, life skill enhancing activities and many other therapeutic options are often not available referable to sub prototype resources and overly the rules that require the prisoners to remain in their cells. According to Metzner and Fellner studies have shown that viii to 19 pct of prisoners have psychiatric disorders, this can result in a large functional disabilities. Another 15 to 20 percent do require some form of psychiatric intervention while in prison.Metzner and Fellner state that a survey done on punitive systems showed that 15 percent or more of their prisoners had been diagnosed with a mental illness. Many correctional wellness caveat providers struggle with the lack of resources and the large caseloads that can often limit the services they can provide their patients. The ethical way for these wellness care maestros to handle these situations is to do the best they can under(a) the circumstances instead of resigning, which would result in less services for these prisoners.According to Metzner and Fellner it is ethical for psychologist to treat inmates who have been abused, and that they should also take measures to end this abuse. These wellness professionals should not only provide services to mental ill prisoners, but they should also try and variety show the prisons system and segregation policies and if that fails these health professionals should go public. Although going public with these prison issues can be difficult to do for these health professionals because of the risk of losing their jobs, they should not do this task alone. Their professional organizations should help them.These organizations should realize that prolonged segregation of prisoners with severe mental illness viola tes basic tenets of mental health treatment. The standards of the NCCHC recommend that mentally ill inmates be excluded from extreme isolation, the placement of these prisoners into these conditions can clinically deteriorate their condition and it will not improve. These are only a recommendation done by NCCHC. Because very some APA and AMA physicians have experience or have companionship about correctional mental health care, they are not long-familiar with the difference between general population housing unit and a segregation nit, therefor the recommendations cannot be made mandatory instead of optional. Metzner and Fellner state that a serious educational effort must be naturalised so that none correctional mental health practitioners have a wagerer understanding of the world in which their correctional co-workers work in, and to better understand the challenges they face, including the isolation of severe mental ill patients for month at a time and sometimes years.Accord ing to Metzner and Fellner studies have shown that prisons can operate safely and they can be securely without putting prisoners that have mental illness in segregation. In some prisons mentally ill prisoners are given more time outside their cells, and they are also provided with group therapy and other therapeutic interventions. These improved clinical responses to prisoners with mental illness have been achieved with little sacrifice to needed control of prisoners who willfully violate prison rules.Mental health organizations should acknowledge that is unethical to curb silence about the conditions of confinement and the harm that this confinement cause inmates, and violates human rights. These organizations should also make sure that practitioners provide ethical services to segregated prisoners with mental illness, and they should also strive to change harmful segregation policies. The organizations should also make use of their institutional authority to press for nationwide rethinking of the use of isolation.By doing this the medical founderment to ethics and human rights would be well served. According to another article which was written in the National Academy of Science, the conditions of confinement in todays prisons have the same features that were of concern to the national commission for the tribute of human behavioral research about 30 years ago. However new factors have emerged that will require consideration. These factors are the correctional population has grown from 1. million to almost seven million between 1978 and 2004, because of tougher sentencing laws and the war against drugs. According to the article due to the closing of large state mental institutions, prisons have bring to pass the new mental illness asylums. Health care in some of these prisons is very poor. Many class actions have been put in place about the inadequate of state prisons health-care system. According to the article a high number of prisoners suffer from in fectious deceases, chronic diseases, and mental illness.A three year study that was requested by congress and that was done in cleanthorn 2002 by the National Commission of correctional health care revealed that thousands of prisoners are cosmos released into communities every year with deceases that were not diagnosed and were not treated while they were in prison. According to the article while in prison white inmates were more likely than black and Hispanic inmates to receive mental health treatment. Without the necessary treatment mentally ill prisoners suffer painfully symptoms and often their condition deteriorates.The article states that prisons were never intended to be mentally ill facilities, yet that is one their primary role today. Often man and fair sex that cannot afford to get mental illness help in their communities are swept away into criminal justice system after they afford a crime. In the United States there three times more mentally ill people in toss away than in mental hospitals, inmates have mental issues that are two to four times high than members of the general public. The New York Times conducted a yearlong examination of prison health services this examination revealed that in many instances the medical care was inadequate and lethal.According to the National Academy of Science the New York City plane section of health and mental hygiene showed that at Rikers Island and at a jail in lower Manhattan the prison health failed to earn a vent grade on 12 of 39 performance standards, these performance standards are set by the city to evaluate the treatment of inmates. The prison health did not meet standards on practices from HIV and diabetes therapy to timely distribution of medicine to properly conducting mental health evaluations.An article written in the American Bar Association, standard of treatment of prisoners, (2010) states that in February 2010, the ABA House of Delegates approved a set of ABA criminal justice standard s on treatment of prisoners. The new standards repeal prior ABA criminal justice standards. Standard 23-2. 5, Health Care Assessment, this standard states each prisoner should receive a comprehensive medical and mental health assessment and these should be done by a fitting medical and mental health professional and it should be provided no later than 14 days after admission to a correctional facility.This medical treatment should be done purposeically thereafter, and it should include mental health screening. Dental examinations should also be done by a dentist or trained personnel directed by a dentist and they should be done within 90 days of admission this if the prisoners confinement exceeds one year and it should be done each year thereafter. Standard 23-2. 6 Rationales for Segregated housing, states correctional authorities should only place prisoners in segregation if it relates to discipline, security, and ongoing investigation of misconduct or crime, protection from harm, medical care, or mental health care.This segregation should be for a brief time and under the least restrictive conditions practicable. When necessary due to an investigation, correctional facilities should be permitted to confine an inmate to segregation for a period of no more than 30 days. Standard 23-2. 8, Segregated housing and mental health, this standard states no inmate who is diagnosed with serious mental illness should be placed in long term segregated housing. The implementation of these few standards has improved the treatment of inmates across the country, but there are facilitate many correctional facilities that require more improvements.According to Mosser, K (2010) there are different ways in which the ethical treatment of prisoners can be dealt with. Mosser states that there are different theories that philosophers have come up with to explain ethics. Three main theories are Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue ethics. There are also three different appro aches to these ethics theories, Relativism, Emotivism and ethical Egoism. All of them give a different approach and a different solution to the ethical treatment of prisoners.The Utilitarianism is the system that one should choose to do that which produces a better resultant role for the largest number of people. This theory evaluates whether an act is wright of wrong in terms of the acts consequences. Mosser, (2010). Deontology states that are ones duty an obligation to threat other people with respect, human beings have lordliness and we must take that dignity into consideration when dealing with them. Deontology can lead to results that contradict common sense and the conception of right and wrong.Another theory is Virtual ethics this theory looks at the character of the person execute the act. There are three different approaches to the theories according to Mosser, K. (2010), these are Relativism, Emotivism, and good Egoism. Relativism according to Mosser is ones beliefs a nd values are understood in terms of ones society, culture, and ones individual values. Emotivism according to Mosser, it sees our moral evaluations as the expression of whether we respond to a given act by desire it, or not liking it.This approach involves emotional feelings. Ethical egoism, this approach contrast with ethical theories of utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and most religions. Ethical egoism according to Mosser states that our moral evaluations should be made in terms of our desires and goals. After evaluating all of the different theories and approaches to these theories, I would have to agree with the theory of Utilitarianism as being the best approach as how to solve the ethical treatment of prisoners.I would also have to agree with the Deontology theory, because I strongly agree that even though prisoners have committed a crime they should be treated with dignity after all they are still humans. From the three approaches to the main theories, relativism , emotivism, and ethical egoism, I would say relativism would help resolve the problem with a more positive outcome. Because relativism indicates that ones beliefs and values are understood in terms of ones society and culture, the majority of our society believes that if you commit a crime you should pay for it.The theory of Utilitarianism states that the moral worth of an action should be determined by its usefulness in increasing service and reducing negative utility. The ethical treatment of prisoners has for the most part improved. Standards have been put in place to aid these issues and help the improvement of the treatment of prisoners. For the most part the whole world has a moral grave on how people should behave themselves, and what is wrong and wright. It is a worldwide fact that to commit murder is wrong, it is wrong to steal, and to intentionally hurt another human being physically.The utilitarian theory can be used in jails to help prisoners correct their behavior, a nd when prisoners do not have a life sentence they can come out into society with a better look on life and not a negative one like when they first went into prison. I know that some crimes can be repulsive in nature and once we have looked at those horrific crimes we can become outraged and very angry, but if we can keep an open mind and be humanitarian towards those criminals we can find some kind of peace in our hearts. References Jeffrey L. Metzner. M. D and Jamie Fellner Esq.Solitary Confinement and Mental affection in US prisons A challenge for medical ethics. www. jaapl. org/content/38/1/104. full Mark, Earthrowl, John, OGrady, and Luke Birmingham. Providing treatment to prisoners with mental disorders development of a policy. Bjp. rcpsych. org/content/182/4/299. short Standards on Treatment of Prisoners. http//www. americanbar. org/publications Mosser, K. (2010). Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility. San Diego, CA Bridge point Education, Inc. Banks, C. (2004) C riminal Justice ethics theory and practice. SAGE

Luncheon Analysis

The Luncheon Jeffrey Archer She waved at me across a crowded room at the St. Regis Hotel in refreshing York. I waved back, realizing I k untested the face and if unable to place it. She squeezed past keep backers and customers and had reached me before I had the chance to ask any ace who she was. I racked that section of my brain that is meant to store people, but it transmitted no reply. I realized I would assume to compensate to the old federal agencyy trick of bursterfully worded questions until her answers jogged my memory. How are you, darling? she cried, and threw her accouterments or so me, an opening that didnt garter, since we were at a Literary auberge cocktail party, and any angiotensin converting enzyme will throw their arms some you on such occasions, correct the directors of the Book-of-the-Month Club. From her accent she was clearly American, and she looked to be approaching forty but thank to the genius of modern make-up may even redeem overtaken it. S he wore a long clean-living cocktail dress and her blonde hair was d single up in one of those buns that looks standardised a brioche. The overall onus do her appear somewhat like a chess queen.Not that the bungalow loaf helped, because she world power allow had dark hair flowing to her shoulders when we coating met. I do wish women would realize that when they change their hairstyle they often earn exactly what they set out to do look all unalike to any unsuspecting male. Im well, thank you, I verbalize to the white queen. And you? I inquired as my opening gambit. Im retributory fine, darling, she replied, taking a glass of champagne from a passing host. And hows the family, I asked, non sure if she even had one. Theyre all well, she replied.No help there. And how is Louise? she inquired. Blooming, I said. So she knew my married wo worldly concern. But then, not necessarily, I thought. Most American women are experts at remembering mens wives. They have to be, when on the New York circuit they change so often it becomes a gr ingester challenge than the Times crossword. Have you been to London lately? I roared above the babble. A brave question, as she may never have been to Europe. sightly once since we had lunch together. She looked at me quizzi inspecty. You dont remember who I am, do you? she asked as she devoured a cocktail sausage. I smiled. Dont be silly, Susan, I said. How could I ever forget? She smiled. I testify that I remembered the white queens invoke in the nick of time. Although I still only had vague recollections of the lady, I certainly would never forget the lunch. I had just had my first book published, and the critics on both places of the Atlantic had been complimentary, even if the checks from my publishers were less so. My agent had told me on several occasions that I shouldnt write if I wanted to make money.This created a dilemma, because I couldnt see how to make money if I didnt write. It was around this t ime that the lady who was presently facing me and chattering on, oblivious to my silence, telephoned from New York to heap lavish praise on my novel. There is no writer who does enjoy receiving such calls, although I confess to having been less captivated by an eleven-year-old girl who called me collect from California to say she had embed a spell mistake on page 47 and warned that she would call over again if she found another(prenominal).However, this particular lady might have ended her transatlantic congratulations with nothing more than good-bye if she had not dropped her own name. It was one of those call that can, on the spur of the moment, al manners book a table at a chic restaurant or a seat at the opera, which sheer mortals like myself would have found impossible to attain granted a months notice. To be fair, it was her husbands name that had achieved the reputation, as one of the worlds most rarified film producers. When Im next in London you must have lunch wit h me, came crackle bring cut back the phone. No, said I gallantly, you must have lunch with me. How dead charming you English always are, she said. I have often wondered how such(prenominal) American women get extraneous with when they say those few lecture to an Englishman. Nevertheless, the wife of an Oscar-winning producer does not phone one everyday. I promise to call you when Im next in London, she said. And indeed she did, for almost sixer months to the day she telephoned again, this time from the Connaught Hotel, to declare how much she was looking forward to our meeting. Where would you like to have lunch? I said, realizing a second too late, when she replied with the name of one of the most exclusive restaurants in town, that I should have made sure it was I who chose the venue. I was glad she couldnt see my hopeless face as she added airly, Monday, one oclock. Leave the booking to meIm cognise there. On the day in question I donned my one respectable suit, a n ew shirt I had been frugality for a special occasion since Christmas, and the only tie that looked as if it hadnt been previously used to hold up my trousers.I then strolled over to my wedge and asked for statement of my current account. The teller handed me a long instal of paper unworthy of its amount. I studied the protrude as one who has to make a major financial decision. The bottom stating in blacken lettering that I was in credit to the sum of thirty-seven pounds and lxiii pence. I wrote out a check for thirty-seven pounds. I flavor that the gentleman should always leave his account in credit, and I might add it was a belief my confide manager shared with me. I then walked up to Mayfair for my luncheon date.As I entered the restaurant I find too many hosts and plush seats for my liking. You cant eat either, but you can be charged for them. At a deferral table sat for two sat a woman who, although not young, was elegant. She wore a blouse of powder blue crepe-de-chin e, and her blond hair was rolled away from her face in style that reminded me of the war years and had once again become fashionable. It was clearly my transatlantic admirer, and she greeted me in the similar Ive known you all my life as she was to do at the Literary inn cocktail party years later.Although she had a drink in present of her, I didnt order an aperitif, explaining that I never drank before lunchand I would have liked to add, but as soon as your husband makes a film of my novel, I will. She launched immediately into the latest Hollywood gossip, not so much dropping names as reciting them, while I ate my way through the potato chips from the bowl in front of me. A few minutes later a waiter materialized by the table and presented us with two pear-shaped embossed leather menus, easily better bound than my novel.The place positively reeked of unnecessary expense. I subject the menu and studied the first chapter with horror it was eminently put-downable. I had no ide a that simple food obtained from Covent Garden could cost quite so much by merely being transported to Mayfair. I could have bought her the same dishes for a quarter of the price at my favorite bistro, a mere one hundred yards away, and to add to my discomfort I observed that it was one of those restaurants where the guest menu made no mention of the prices.I settled down to study the long list of French dishes, which only served to remind me that I hadnt eaten well for more than a month, a state of personal business that was about to be prolonged by a further day. I remembered my desire balance morosely reflected that I would probably have to wait until my agent sold the Icelandic rights of my novel before I could yield a square meal again. What would you like? I said gallantly. I always enjoy a light lunch, she volunteered. I sighed with premature relief, only to find that light did not necessarily mean inexpensive.She smiled sweetly up at the waiter, who looked as though he wo uldnt be enquire where his next meal might be coming from, and ordered just a sliver of have salmon, followed by two tiny loving lamb cutlets. Then she hesitated, but only for a moment, before adding and a side salad. I studied the menu with some caution, running my fingers breadth down the prices, not the dishes. I also eat light lunch, I said mendaciously. The chefs salad will be quite enough for me. The waiter was obviously affronted but left peaceably. She chatted of Coppola and Preminger, of Pacino and Redford, and of Garbo as if she saw her all the time.She was mixture enough to stop for a moment and ask what I was working on at present. I would have liked to have replied, On how Im personnel casualty to explain to my wife that I have only sixty-three pence left in the bank, but I in truth discussed my ideas for another novel. She seemed impressed but still made no case to her husband. Should I mention him? No. Mustnt sound pushy, or as though I needed the money. The food arrived, or that is to say her smoked salmon did, and I sat silently watching her eat my bank account while I nibbled on a roll. I looked up only to discover a wine waiter by my side. Would you veneration for some wine? said I, recklessly. No, I dont judge so, she said. I smiled a little too soon Well, perhaps a little something white and dry. The wine waiter handed down a second leather-bound book, this time with golden grapes embossed on the cover. I searched down the pages for half-bottles, explaining to my guest that I never drank at lunch. I chose the cheapest. The wine waiter appeared a moment later with a large silver put full of ice in which the half bottle looked drowned, and, like me, completely out of its depth.A junior waiter cleared away the empty scale of measurement while another wheeled a large trolley to the side of our table and served the lamb cutlets and the chefs salad. At the same time a third waiter made up an exquisite side salad for my guest that ended up bigger than my complete order. I didnt feeling I could ask her to swap. To be fair, the chefs salad was superbalthough I confess it was hard to appreciate such food fully while onerous to work out a plot that would be convincing if I found the bill to over thirty-seven pounds. How silly of me to ask for white wine with lamb, she said, having nearly washed-up the half bottle. I ordered a half bottle of the house red without calling for the wine list. She finished the white wine and then launched into the theater, music, and other authors. All those who were still quick she seemed to know, and those who were dead she hadnt read. I might have enjoyed the performance if it hadnt been for the fear of wondering if I would be able to afford it when the curtain came down.When the waiter cleared away the empty dishes he asked my guest if she would care for anything else. No, thank you, she saidI nearly applauded. Unless you have one of your famous apple surprises. I fear the last one may have gone, bird, but Ill go and see. Dont hurry, I wanted to say, but instead I just smiled as the rope tightened around my neck. A few minutes later the waiter strode back in triumph, weaving between the tables holding the apple surprise in the typewriter ribbon of his hand, high above his head.I prayed to Newton that the apple would obey his law. It didnt. The last one, madam Oh, what luck, she declared. Oh, what luck, I repeated, unable to face the menu and discover the price. I was now attempting some mental arithmetic as I realized it was going to be a close-run thing. Anything else, madam? the ingratiating waiter inquired. I took a deep breath. Just coffee, she said. And for you, sir? No, no, not for me. He left us. I couldnt think of an explanation for why I didnt drink coffee.Then she produced the large Gucci bag by her side and a copy of my novel, which I sign-language(a) with a flourish, hoping the head waiter would see, and feel I was the sort of man who should be allowed to sign the bill as well, but he resolutely remained at the far end of the room while I wrote the words An unforgettable meeting and appended my signature. While the dear lady was drinking her coffee I picked at another roll and called for the bill, not because I was in any particular hurry, but like a guilty defendant at the Old Bailey, I preferred to wait no longer than the judges sentence.A man in a smart jet-propelled plane uniform whom I had never seen before appeared carrying a silver tray with a folded piece of paper on it, looking not unlike my bank statement. I pushed back the edge of the bill slowly and read the figure thirty-six pounds and forty pence. I casually put my hand into my inner(a) pocket and with move my lifes possessions, then placed the crisp new notes on the silver tray. They were whisked away. The man in the green uniform appeared a few minutes later with my sixty pence change, which I pocketed, since it was the only way I was go ing to get a bus home.The waiter gave me a look that would have undoubtedly won him a character part in any film produced by the ladys distinguished husband. My guest rose and walked across the restaurant, waving at, and occasionally kissing, people I had previously seen only in glossy magazines. When she reached the door she stopped to win her coat, a mink. I helped her on with the fur, again failing to leave a tip. As we stood on the Curzon Street sidewalk, a dark blue Rolls-Royce drew up beside us and a liveried chauffeur leaped out and loose the door.She climbed in. Goodbye, darling, she said as the electric window slid down. Thank you for such a lovely lunch. Goodbye, I said and, summoning up my courage, added I do hope when you are next in town I shall have the opportunity of meeting your distinguished husband. Oh, darling, didnt you know? she said. Know what? We were disjoint ages ago. Divorced? said I. Oh, yes, she said gaily, I havent verbalise to him for years. I just stood there looking helpless. Oh, dont flummox yourself on my account, she said. Hes no loss.In any case, I recently married again another film producer, I prayedin fact, I quite expected to bump into my husband todayyou see, he owns the restaurant. Without another word the electric window purred up and the Rolls-Royce glided effortlessly out of sight, release me to walk to the nearest bus stop. As I stood surrounded by Literary Guild guests, staring at the white queen with the Brioche bun, I could still see her drifting away in that blue Rolls-Royce. I tried to concentrate on her words. I knew you wouldnt forget me, darling, she was saying. afterwards all, I did take you to lunch, didnt I?

Native Americans Dbq Essay

Due Social Studies Native Americans Essay Thousands of eld ago the Native Americans crossed the land-bridge. Then the Native Americans spit-up and settled and created the goal areas. Depending on the environments the Native Americans had different basic needs to survive such(prenominal)(prenominal) as garment, food, and shelter. The Iroquois used their natural resources to get food. The men hunted animals such as deer, bears, ducks, turtles, turkey, and frogs.The women did the hunting and the gathering they grew crops such as corn, beans, squash, and pumpkins and they gathered batty berries, bird eggs, nuts, and sunflowers (information shown in enrolment 3). The type of food depends on the environments. The authority the Native Americans dressed depended on the climate and their resources. The eastern woodlands make their clothing was made expose of deerskin, the s come inhwest made out of woven cotton, and the artic made their clothing out of seal and caribou skin (as shown i n document 3). Animal pop the questiond food and clothing for Native American people.Different environments provide different materials for building and shelter. For example from documents 2 & 3 the southwest has rattling little rain and is hot so they make their shelter out of sun-dried bricks of mud. Other culture areas make their shelter out of materials depending on the climate and their surroundings. All people from each culture area suitable to their environments to survive. Native Americans grew crops corn, beans, and squash. Made their clothing out of skins and cloths, and made their shelter out of bark and blocks of ice and sun-dried mud. Thats how the Native Americans survived thousands of years ago.

Religious Behavioral Development in the Stone Age

ghostly behaviors developed to what they are today stock in the pre-historic times of the paleolithic, Mesolithic, and the Neolithic. at that place is evidence of these behaviors in the archaeological artifacts as well as fabricationological evidence. Religious behaviors evolved as valet de chambre evolved. Religious whims changed too. In the Paleolithic we learn that people were very spi ghostlike rite everything was tough as a spi rite act. They approached everything ritualistically and their behaviors were in response to the numinous. The numinous is expound as a feeling you get when you cant justify something.There is archaeological evidence window paneing to animal worship during this time too. sacred beliefs in the Paleolithic gave way to potpourris of organized religion based on archaeological findings from the Neolithic. Beginning in the Paleolithic we see evidence of ritual burials as a form of spiritual behavior. Early modern humans buried their numb(p) and some of those graves contained grave goods. These grave goods consisted of string of beads and various pieces of jewelry bracelets, necklaces, and pendants. The grave goods may have implied that the people believed the dead would go on somewhere and they may need, or want, those items with them.This is a belief based on animism, that anything and everything has a soul or spirit. The grave goods could excessively mean that the living tempered the dead the same way they treated the living. The burials suggested they had respect for the dead. These ritual burials continued on in the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. scratch line in the Mesolithic and continuing in to the Neolithic, we see more religious behaviors develop. During the Paleolithic, people were living together and cooperating with one another, building temples, and gathering fare and everyone spoke one language.The myths suggest that at one point the cooperation and consent dissipated, and three new cultures evolved. With the three new cultures came three different languages. The cultures that emerged from the hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic were replaced with farmers, herders, and hunters in the Mesolithic. The myths suggest that the three cultures (farmers, herders, and hunters), came from the three sons of Noah. Prior to that, in the myth of the First Family, there were two types of people, or two different cultures. There was Cain, who was a farmer, a iller of the ground, and his brother Abel, who was a herder, or keeper of the flock. In a later myth we are introduced to Nimrod, who was a hunter, thus round out the three groups. Those three groups had their own set of religious behaviors. Those behaviors include animal sacrifice, human sacrifice, ritual sex, and ritual abstinence. Other behaviors emerged that may not be considered religious behaviors but instead, ways of life, but are worth mentioning since they developed over time along with the religious behaviors and play a major role in the lives of the early humans and constitution evolution.Those ways of life include shamanism, priesthood, matriarchy, patriarchy, Apollonian and Dionysian. We can better understand the religious behaviors of the different cultures besides after we identify the pattern of culture, or traits, individually one exhibited. The patterns of culture are associated with the characteristics in the distinction between the gods Apollo and Dionysius. Apollo was the god of light and Dionysius was the god of wine. Therefore, the characteristics are referred to as Apollonian and Dionysian.During the Mesolithic, Dionysian tendencies gave way to Apollonian tendencies. Dionysian characteristics include earth, Eros, epicurean, heart, emotion, feeling, chaos, excess, fe masculine, equality, art, spontaneity, country, and nature. A culture that exhibited characteristics of Dionysian would most in all probability blueprint human sacrifice, ritual sex, shamanism, and matriarchy as their religious b ehaviors. Apollonian characteristics include sun, psyche, stoic, mind, reason, thinking, order, restraint, male, hierarchy, science, city, and civilization.Differing from Dionysian, a culture that showed signs of Apollonian characteristics would practice animal sacrifice, ritual abstinence, priesthood, and patriarchy as their religious behaviors. Based on the myths and the artifacts of the Mesolithic, and the Neolithic, we are able to determine that the farmers were most likely Dionysian. both(prenominal) of the characteristics evident in the myths, which are told from the farmers point of view, include the earth, Eros, and female. The characteristics in the artifacts include the female as well, but besides equality.The burials, being of the same type, and the houses they lived in, which were also the same, suggest equality, and the female is emphasized in the statues. Eros, which gave us the word erotic, is prevalent in the artifacts and the myths. Based on our understanding of h ow the characteristics define the religious behaviors, we learn that the farmers practiced human sacrifice, ritual sex, shamanism, and matriarchy. Stonehenge was believed to have been built during the Neolithic. Archaeologists found human remains there and a number of the skulls showed signs of blunt-force trauma which suggested human sacrifice.The herders in the Neolithic displayed more Apollonian characteristics. As mentioned earlier, Dionysian tendencies were giving way to Apollonian tendencies. The evidence of this is found in some(prenominal) the myths and archaeologically. The male is prevalent in both, hierarchy is established, and order is suggested. Again, based on our understanding of how the characteristics define the religious behaviors, we surmise that the herders practiced animal sacrifice, ritual abstinence, priesthood, and patriarchy. The restraint and stoic characteristics point toward the abstinence while the male henpecked myths point to the patriarchy way of lif e.There were numerous animal mug up discovered which indicated animal sacrifice. Evidence of the Neolithic hunters way of life is faint-hearted but if we use the myths from the Mesolithic, and the artifacts from the Neolithic, we can deduce that the hunters were also Apollonian. The myths are told from a hunting point of view and they imply hierarchy and are male prevailing. The artifacts hint at the sun and we learned that the hunters lived close to the farmers which means they were civilized, employ reason, and thinking. Being of Apollonian in nature, the hunters shared the same religious behaviors of the herders.In summary, religious behaviors have undergone dramatic, and not so dramatic, changes through the different time periods discussed. Some of those behaviors are still around today. Human sacrifice is probably the only one that has almost completely disappeared in the modern day, but on the other hand, animal sacrifice, which weve seen since the Mesolithic, is still rele vant in this day and age. The behaviors exhibited had benefits such as providing a sense of community, it proved to be a form of communication, it offered assistance during crises, and also provided psychological well-being.

Analysis of Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Fish”

Esther Zamora Jon Schneiderman ENC1102-09 03/12/2013 compendium of Elizabeth Bishops The Fish All battered and scarred from legion(predicate) historic period of trials, Grandma always has a smile on her face. Grandpa died when she was mute young, her three sons tolerate also died, and only her two daughters remain. In malevolency of these difficulties in her conduct, she manages to be happy and accepting of what liveliness has tossed her way. An older soul has scars from life and doesnt cook the strength to fight for it. The elderly have gone through many trials and afflictions that life has tossed at them.With age, they have gained wisdom and understanding through these hardships. Life has a tendency to cruelly despatch darts at humanity without any winning of reservation or remorse. In Elisabeth Bishops The Fish, the narrator is the leaner woman. Upon catching a wonderful fish and analyzing it carefully, she is reminded of her life. She notices the fish is not fighti ng to stay alive. He average hung there, still, and ready to die. This reminds her of her own life. She is now faced with the memory of the many scars that life has brought her.Shes not willing to fight as she once did. days has really taken a toll on her, demanding her once new strength. The author speaks of the fish saying, He hung a grunting weight, battered and vulnerable and homy (7-9). The fisherman woman found a similarity with her life and the fishs life. She made a distinct connection between her life and this small creature. Older and more experienced, the fisher woman is reminded of her past afflictions. instanter old and gray which are signs of aging, as the fishs lips that expire away his age.The lips are an important sign because the hooks and lines they have in their mouth demonstrates their experience. The fish in the poem declares hung five pieces of fish- line (51), screening how many times the fish had previously been caught and released again. Each line r epresents the many endeavors the fish had accomplished by conquering those hooks. As with deal who outmatch adversity and scars inhabit their life, the fish also has scars that remain as an version of previous struggles. Wisdom and understanding is gained as things in life happen.For the fish, he gains wisdom and understanding each time he escaped a net or a line which is shown by his scars. A person gains wisdom and understanding with the trials they are faced with and that age has brought them. These are reminders to people as well as for fish. A person may have loved ones who have passed away, or possibly experienced some kind of trauma. All these tribulations serve for gaining wisdom and understanding in life. In conclusion, the fisher woman, by looking and observing the fish closely, is reminded of all the previous trials she had in her life.The scars in his lips, the five-haired beard of wisdom (62) helps her think of herself. She notices the rainbow of colors reflecting f rom the oil on the boat, reminding her of the fishs accomplishments. Even though the fish is small, it somehow provokes a sense of relation with herself. She relates these attributes of the fish with maturity, adversity, trials, wisdom, and understanding. She encounters a close identification with the fish. fill by this emotional connection and compassion for the fish, she let him go.

Economics Reaction Paper on Sabah Essay

A feud between two Moslem governments, ignited by the sultan ofSulu when he and his subjects headed to Sabah to re charter their once territory. roughly standoff that went on for over a month now.This standoff that gained nada but transgressions, especially on theside of the sultanate of Sulu. Their futile measures to repossess Sabah. Their insubordination against the presidents orders to not proceed. This only resulting to themassacre of the sultans clan members. To this day, the sultan, his family, andfollowers were being hunted down by the Malayan military forces. With this,they always have to take evasive action for them to survive. Then, on that points thepossible criminal charges which the Kiram family might face once they go backto the Philippines.Additional problems to be solved by the government. The people fleeingfrom Sabah, Malaysia because of the current firefight between the Royal Familyof Sulu and the Malaysian Armed Forces there Heading to chancel camps in ourcou ntry. Also, the decline on the supply of goods in Muslim provinces in the Philippines. The goods and services, coming from Malaysia, argon having increasein terms of their price.All of these are happening because the Malaysian government isprohibiting the people in our country to get into their territory without theirpermission.Now that the facts about this issue are laid down, we give readilyproceed my personal thoughts regarding this matter.First of all, I find it a very impulsive and reckless move for the RoyalFamily of Sulu to start nevertheless another dispute between the Philippines andMalaysia. To make another historical claim in regards with Sabah is likestarting a never-ending war. It only gets worsened by the minute. No fruitfulresult reaped.Another, I dont think that our country could ever obtain again therights on Sabah. I said it because we have been making claims on this formany years. Still, nothing has happened.So what makes the sultan of Sulu think that he could, they could?EconomicsReactionPaperPassed by Shunamite D.PurificacionI-22Passed to Mr. Serafin Arviola

Francisco De Zubar N And His Work English Literature Essay

Francisco de Zurbaran, a Spanish painter was born in Fuentes de Cantos, Badajoz province in Estremadura and baptized on Nov. 7, 1598. His male p atomic number 18nt was a easygoing tradesman of Basque descent. In 1614, Zurbaran s male parent sent him to Seville to assimilator for three old ages to a second-rate painter of images, Pedro Diaz de Villanueva. Zurbaran opened a workshop in Llerena in 1617 and married a adult effeminate older than himself. She died after holding three kids. He was married formerly more to a widow in 1623. During his 11 old ages in Llerena, Zurbaran s piousness was influenced by Spanish Quietism, which was a weird act that taught inner backdown, the find of divinity in meekly submissive silence, and the function of penitentiary exercisings to repress the mother wits and quiet the mind. Although this influence had a deep significance on his art, it in no manner limited his tasteful imaginative activities. The contracts for this period are so legi on that he would hold been have to delegate many another(prenominal) of them to helpers. In add-on, he was transposing to Seville to put to death plants for the Dominican, Trinitarian, Mercedarian, and Franciscan monasteries. In 1629, the Seville Town Council persuaded Zurbaran to travel his workshop to their metropolis. He arrived with his married woman, kids, and eight retainers. The undermentioned twelvemonth the painters Guild of St. Luke ordered him to subject to an scrutiny and he refused. The town council ended up back uping him. His frequenters continued to be more often than not monasteries including the Capuchins, Carthusians, and Jeronymites were added to the list. In April 1634, the painter Diego Velazquez, who was in charge of the ornaments for the new Royal castling in Madrid, commissioned Zurbaran to put to death for the Hall of Realms ii appointment scenes, which were to belong to a series that included Velazquez s Surrender of Breda, and 10 Labors of Hercules . Zurbaran returned to Seville in November with the honorary rubric of Painter to the King and the happy entrepot that Philip IV had called him the male monarch of painters. Zurbaran was at a extremum of creativeness and felicitousness in 1639, when his married woman died. His art production declined markedly and his manner became graver. He married for the 3rd clip, in 1644, entirely his artistic star was falling. Missing sufficient committees at place, Zurbaran was obliged to make the bag of his plants for South America. With four more kids born of his new matrimony, he change Flemish landscapes and pigments and coppices to the South American market. He continued to bring forth largely for South America until 1658, when he decided to seek to distort his fortune in Madrid. His art, nevertheless, was small apprehended at that place. Zurbaran died destitute in Madrid on August 27, 1664.Zurbaran s work was really advance(a) with accurate pragmatism and indefinable mysticism. Z urbaran chose to be a painter of spiritual topics. His work was ever created big. Other effects are attained by the elaborate finished foregrounds which mass out more or lessly in visual actinotherapy and shadiness. He was really adept in painting figures with drape as shown in one of his works The Annunciation. He worked with oil pigments and most of his plants were spiritual scenes and portrayals. Two-thirdss of his plants were calico in the 1630 s and the other 3rd is well-nigh every check divided before and after that decennary.The Annunciation was painted in 1650 with oil on canvas. It measures just about 85 inches tall and about one-hundred and 24 inches broad. This Annunciation falls rather late in Zurbaran s calling, when his simple and disconnected mold, dark to tangible radiation, begins to soften and film over. His pallette becomes less blatant and more blended, while the about militaristic goading of his earlier work is replaced by an familiarity and tendernes s. The walls of the pure Mary s elbow room literally dissolve in a inundation of cherubs bathed in visible radiation, as the apotheosis Gabriel with great heroism and discretion announces that she is with kid says Joseph J. Rishel. Francisco de Zurbaran has a realistic manner shown in the flick. It features a room in which an backer is seen at the left kneeling on the land before the Virgin Mary. The figure of Mary is placed between a chair and a little wooden tabular array draped with a fountain fabric. Mary looks as though she is surprised to be greeted by the angel although glancing at the floor. She disregards the unfastened Bible since she has been distracted. Behind and above the two figures are cherubs resting on beds of clouds merrily staring down at Mary with eyeball from Heaven. Elementss such as visible radiation, colour, and texture are used in The Annunciation. Francisco de Zubaran does non demo a beginning of visible radiation in the render, but we can see the light get downing from heaven with the cherubs and bit by bit gets darker to where the image about looks blurry on the dismount left following to the angel. Light withal emphasizes the just tegument of the saint and Mary as they both look down towards a faint floor. It reflects the unfastened Bible hinting on the sanctity and importance of Mary. Color draws aid to of import characters and objects in the picture. The ruddy and bluish Mary wears gives us a sense she is the chief focal point of the image since they are two different colourss in temperature and really concentrated. The bright yellow used indicates a celestial felicity or spirit such as how the dive is painted. The little soft silky texture used in this picture shows Zurbaran s usage of pragmatism. The curtain looks about perfect compared to the remainder of the room. If the picture is looked at closely, you can see more symbolism such as a really weak xanthous visible radiation nearly Mary s caput about like a n imbus which signifies her sanctity. The little xanthous dove at the top of the picture besides looks down at Mary and even gives a visible radiation pointed down at her caput. The cherubs and the angel are all smiling giving the image a joyful significance. You can besides see the flowers at the bottom right giving the painting an even more sense of softness, raising, and peace.The iconography of The Annunciation is shown how Zurbaran portrays the narrative of the Angel Gabriel looking earlier Mary to annunciate that deity has chosen her to bare a boy, Jesus, who will salvage God s people from their wickednesss. An anon. individual explains Zurbaran besides idealizes Mary to accent her sanctity. Mary maintains a graceful airs even when she is frightened by the Angel s intelligence. The room is besides au naturel and suggests Mary s modestness. The Angel appears soft and the white colour of the angel shows the pureness of God s courier. Today, The Annunciation corsets at the Phil adelphia Museum of Art as Francisco de Zurbaran continues to delight many with his endowments with the elements used in such an of import spiritual event. You can asseverate he take to paint spiritual bible narratives with his really specific manner of painting the significance, symbolism, and great item.

Contemporary Sociological Theory

Contemporary Sociological speculation Final Exam Jurgen Habermas Theory of Communicative Action sought to explain this coetaneous sociological heads ideas on agreement and the life-world. The meaning of this life-world for Habermas, meant ones bear psycheal space, including personal identity and consciousness. It is the lived argona of in underframeal, culturally-grounded understandings and mutual accommodations. (Wikipedia) The life-world goes on to conk through norms and beliefs of the partnership. Everyone in the company plays their role, which is based on their personal identity, and the society goes on functioning as a system.The system includes a compass of commands dealing with politics, economics, etc. Consequently, this leads to a colonization of the life-world. The system is an impersonal grammatical construction that entails organization and functionality. Because it is based on functions within social, educational and environmental policies, as well as market s (Parsons AGIL), there must be a form of order for it to run smoothly. The political institutions do not allow the item-by-item to just think of himself, it essentially leaves a demand for all to bailiwick together as a whole.The life-world is based more on rejoicing and order within. When the functions of the system and life-world collide the life-world becomes colonized. Things are harder to be rationalized within the system because barriers are formed in the lines of communication. The struggle to please ones own self and the need for order in the political realm causes a conflict of interest in modern society. The two entities are becoming rationalized as both continue to evolve. The life-world ordain continue to be hindered as the system continues to block lines of communication.As modern society goes on, the struggle within ones self and the need to continually stabilize society will eventually cause a greater problem that will require further research beyond that of Jur gen Habermas. 4. In Michael Foucaults suss push through & Punish, he sought to explain his theory of watch within contemporary society. He does this by using the idea of the Panopticon as an theoretical account. The panopticon is a structure, created by Jeremy Bentham, which is built in a elan that allows all angles to be easily viewed.The design, which is a circular, spherical building, allows those conducting the supervision to see allthing without having to worry about corners and non tangible spots. The subjects that are be viewed never true(a)ly know when they are being specifically watched due to the construction of the building. It is also built so that the lulu cannot be easily seen. This structure is mainly existent in prisons but can also be used within schools, accompanimentories and military structures. inspection is defined as being the continual observation of a person or group, especially on suspected of doing something illegal. (Encarta Dictionary) The most obvious example would be in the prison system where prisoners are being watched by prison wardens and guards. Cameras are set up at ever conceivable angle to monitor the behavior of the inmates. These cameras are active 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, recording every move of every prisoner. Furthermore, if the guard were to stand in the middle of the panopticon, he would also be able to view all angles easily without too much movement. Foulcault formulate his theory of contemporary society, in relation to the panopticon. The idea of total surveillance represents power in society.The individual is constantly being watched which consequently alters their behavior. Because the surveillance is constant and unknown, we develop a state of paranoia within ourselves and never note completely alone unless we are absolutely sure that we are in a private space. Foulcaults interpretation extends to the acts of the government The role of statute law allows the means of part to spread w ithout need for one central authority figure. This advocates the self monitoring society which in essence is panopticism. (Gieser) It is said that because the government is seen as the overseer.We, the citizens, develop our own sense of self-surveillance that in turn, satisfies the surveillance tactic. Foucault felt up that this panoptic ordeal dehumanized and stripped the population of their power. (Gieser) Thus, it leaves us with no actual sense of normalcy and security. 5. The idea of culture pains was created by Theodor Adorno and muck Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School. Culture industry is simply the use of manufactured goods in pop culture to influence society, thus causing society to be passive and not worrying about economical woes.Society develops unnecessary wants and ineluctably while capitalism is masked and flourishing. This form of culture molds the idea of whats important to society through mass production and ignores what whole kit and boodle for the individual. Thus, a sense of uniqueness is lost. The Frankfurt School felt that this was an important way of trying to understand modern capitalistic society because it was clearly press release in that direction, at the time and now. Karl Marx inspired these beliefs through his own works and encouraged the Frankfurt School to expose capitalists.They did this by using ancient examples that proved that these frivolous items being praised were only there to mask the fact that we, the people were being manipulated and controlled. Exposing society to the control was supposed to encourage them to collapse free and regain their senses of self. The focus was on capitalism because it was strengthening its limit onto society at a constant rate. Adorno felt that through exposing these capitalist tactics, the cycle would reverse, causing individuals to gain there personality back, but that did not happen.Capitalism has only flourished and become more severe. Modern society is evolving and as that happ ens more capitalist tactics are being created. Thus culture industry is doing nothing but becoming stronger. The Frankfurt School took the time out to enlighten the masses but despite the fact, capitalism prevails. References Geiser, Brenton. All eye on You. Surveillance (n. ). Encarta Online Dictionary. Dec. 14, 2007. http//encarta. msn. com/dictionary_1861717276/surveillance. html http//www. wikipedia. com

A Right to Bear Arms: Living the Second Amendment

Linda Hasselstrom vehemently defends her quality of means to protect herself in her essay, A Peaceful fair sex Explains Why She Carries a Gun.The case of gun control provides for a heated debate between those that deliberate guns are dangerous and unnecessary and those who rely both on the rampart of the gun and the right to its possession.Rather than waxing philosophic on her rights under the gage Amendment, she describes years of feeling powerless and finding that the conventional and more hands-off methods of self-defense are simply ineffective. Hasselstrom makes a convincing case for her choice to carry a gun.The most persuasive aspect of the essay is the style that Hasselstrom leads the reader to the obvious conclusion that gun possession was her nevertheless option. She describes, on page 371, the advice given to women to avoid certain situations.While she complies, she is irritated at the conception that the precautions only apply to females, and that females must fe ar men. Next, she describes incidents in which she felt mazed because more physically powerful men were immune to polite requests and super C decency. Instead of going directly to the gun, she spent time learning soldierly arts and self-defense, only to realize that the sheer size difference was as well great a disadvantage.Her most convincing argument is the story of the cleaning woman who called for help for a flat tire only to be sacked and beaten. Hasselstroms implication is that if the woman had a gun in her possession, it neer would have happened.In conclusion, Hasselstrom does not suggest that every woman carry a gun, nor does she recommend using that gun to threaten anyone unnecessarily. Rather, she keeps the gun for protection and only reveals it in order to protect herself.Not only is A Peaceful Woman a convincing argument for gun possession, but it is also a tribute to the lasting nature of the Second Amendment.

Book Review: Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment

Crime and Punish gaypowert Novel Responses He was so immersed in himself and had seized himself so lots from e real integrity that he was afraid non solely of meeting his landlady besides of meeting any unmatchable at solely. He was rugged by p any oerty merely tied(p) his s necessitateed circumstances had late ceased to burden him. By representing the relay station as an individual who is pass by major suffering, Dostoevsky awards the au dissectnce to establish that R petitionolnikov is beginning to detach and isolate himself from the world, thus in allowing the earreach to interpret his actions later on in the novel.The endorse execration creates a sense of apathy be capture pull d aver though he is crushed by poerty, the circumstances that he faces ceased to burden him. Raskolnikov had a terrible dream To sh turn ups of Giddap the minute m be dejects pulling with all her might, solely she can scarcely valet de chambreage a slow walk, much slight a gal lop Take an axe to her Finish her off fast, sh issues a third The nag stretches let out her muzzle, heaves a deep sigh, and dies soda What did they push down the poor horse for Raskolnikov sobs, and his breath fails, and the words support a elbow room bid cries from his straining chest.Chindasook2 Dostoevsky uses the story of the clear up of the horse to foreshadow the attack violence that pull up stakes happen later on in the novel. The agent get under ones skins this scene to be very graphic by utilize imagery, and this emphasises the construct of guilt trip that Raskolnikov feels roughly drawting a crime, thus in darkuateing that it is non his nature to be violent, however the suffering that he has encountered has driven him to the point of violence. Kill her and defer her money, so that afterwards with its help you can devote yourself to the service of all mankind and the common cause Of course, she doesnt deserve to be a rifle, Raskolnikov oerheard this co nfabulation between men in a bar, which shows that it isnt a semblance as he was in addition contemplating doing a similar act himself. This confabulation allowed Raskolnikov to create more(prenominal) of a reason for him to commit the crime as he like a shot d come ups that he is non the save one that considered this. Dostoevsky uses this to accentuate the booster doses eagerness to carry out actions in which he weighs argon appropriate, as yet if it is morally and legally faulty. Here a extraneous beliefion came into his head mayhap all his clothes were covered ith blood, perhaps at that place were stains all over them, and he simply did not inspect, did not notice them, because his reason was failing, going to pieces his disposition muddyening Doestoevsky uses a circumscribed omniscient narrator to look at Raskolnikovs deteriorating state of mind and resolve into insanity. By displaying Raskolnikovs concept process, Doestoevsky is able convey the overwh elming guilt that is clouding Raskolnikovs mind. The germ depicts the frantic nature in which Raskolnikov light upons himself thus portraying a sense of paranoia and the burden of the crime in which he committed.Chindasook3 Where was it, Raskolnikov ruling as he walked on, where was it that I drive astir(predicate) a man condemned to wipeout saying or thought, an hour ahead his death, that if he had to resist fewwhere high up on a cliffside, on a ledge so narrow that on that point was room provided for his two feetand with the abyss, the ocean, eternal darkness, eternal solitude, eternal storm all more or less himand had to stay resembling that, on a square foot of s footstep, an completed flavourtime, a thousand years, an eternityit would be punter to embody so than to die decently without delayOnly to subsist, to live, to live To live, no guinea pig how provided to live The author portrays the internal conflict that Raskolnikov is experiencing virtually whet her or not to confess through with(predicate) the juxtaposition of life and death. Dostoevsky uses the parable of the man on the ledge to depict an image of how Raskolnikovs life would enactment out to be if he holds on to his secret.However, the epistrophe of the wording to live reads the internal conflict that the supporter is experiencing as he would rather live a life of depression and guilt over choosing death, that he is un remnantly exhausting to free himself from this guilt, thus creating an internal conflict as he can clearly fairishify confessing, but is aff proficient of death and therefore tries to urge himself to choose to live. Raskolnikovs eyes were ostentation he became terribly pale his upper lip twitched and began to tremble. He leaned as close to Zamyotov as he could and began moving his lips without uttering any thing this went on for half a minute or so he was informed of what he was doing, but could not stop himself. A terrible word was trembling on his lips, like the hook on that door another import and it would jump-start out another routine and it would let go another implication and it would be spoken Chindasook4Anaphora and Parallelism are use to intensify Raskolnikovs thought process and accentuate the stars inability to entertain his rulings about the murder whilst discussing the issue. Raskolnikov makes it clear end-to-end the conversation that he has a large interest in this issue, qualification it appear that he is on the verge of justification. The parallelism through the use of semi colons accentuate that Raskolnikov is aware that he may be at risk of confessing as his appetite to be free of this guilt overwhelms him.Dostoevsky as well uses anaphora through the own voice another implication to pass on enunciate Raskolnikovs uncontrollable drive to confess as it keeps coming up in his mind. Pride and potency were growing in him every upshot with each succeeding moment he was no grander the man he had been the moment before. What extra thing was it however, that had so turned him some? He himself did not populate like a man clutching at a straw, he suddenly fancied that he, too, could live, that there tranquilize was life, that his life had not died with the old crone. It was perhaps a rather hasty conclusion, but he was not thinking of that, Dostoevsky uses words such as self confidence and pride to suggest how Raskolnikov has developed a sense of confidence that leave alone help him cut across his desire to confess. The protagonist is heretofore battling internal conflict, but encounters a moment of clarity after Marmeladovs death, which makes him realise that his desire to live overpowers his volition to confess, thus creating a tone of wish. Chindasook5 Not that he understood it, but he sensed clearly, with all the power of sensation, that it was no longer thinkable for him to address these spate in the patrol station, not only with sincere effusions, as he had yet done, but in any modal value at all, and had they been his receive brothers and sisters, and not police lieutenants, there would s process learn been no point in this addressing them, in any(prenominal) circumstances of life This refer illustrates Raskolinovs sudden realisation that that incident that he has murder Alyona and Lizaveta, he has isolated himself from society as the bounds that formerly unploughed him tied to the rest of society has been over stepped. Furthermore, this reference suggests that Raskolinov displays no empathy for those around him as he was able to carry out the murders. The point that it as no longer possible for him to address the people in the police station solidifies his isolation and suggests that guilt has overcome him at this point. What came of it was that I rupture my caftan in two, partd it with my neighbor, and we were both left half naked, in accordance with the russian proverb which says if you chase several hares at onc e, you wint overtake any of them. simply science says Love yourself before all because everything in the world is based on self-interest. If you chouse only yourself, you result stage your affairs up properly, and your caftan will similarly remain in one piece. And economic truths adds that the more properly set individualal affairs and, so to speak, strong caftans there are in society, the firmer its foundations are and the better arranged its common cause.It follows that by aqcuiring solely and completely for myself, I am thereby precisely acquiring for everyone, as it were, and on the job(p) so that my neighbor will have something more than a torn caftan, not from private, isolated generosities now, but as a result of everyday prosperity Chindasook6 by dint of the juxtaposition between Luzhins egotism and Raskolnikovs attempt to plow altruistic, the author implies that the reason the two do not get along is due to their antithetical fundamental morals. Luhzins t ruthful intentions of bonding Dunya is revealed to be simply out of self-interest, whilst Raskolnikovs immoral murder was for the broad good of others, thus opposing Luzhins morals.Raskolnikov is hesitant in his own beliefs, therefore Luzhin causes him to move on doubt his morals, and thus leading him to doubt whether or not the murder could be justified as a selfless act. what can I tell you? I have surviven Rodion for a year and a half sullen, gloomy, arrogant, proud recently (and maybe much earlier) insecure and hypochondriac. Magnamious and kind. Doesnt like voicing his feelings, and would rather do something reprehensible than speak his heart out in words. At times, however, hes not hypochondriac at all, but just inhumanely polar and callous, as if there really were two opposite mentions in him, changing places with each other Dostoevsky further develops Raskolnikovs inner conflict through this conversation between his mother, sister and Razumikhin.The internal conflic t has now become apparent to his colleague as he explains the juxtaposition within Raskolnikovs record, which shocks his family as it becomes evident that he was not always this way, implying that his split personality was brought on by the guilt and conflicts from the murder. Chindasook7 The old woman was nearly a sickness I was in a hurry to step over it wasnt a human universe I killed, it was a primary(prenominal) So I killed the principle, but I didnt step over, I stayed on this side All I managed to do was kill. And I didnt even manage that, as it turns out A principle? wherefore was that little fool Razumikhin abusing the kindists today?Theyre hardworking, commercial people, concerned with normal happiness No, life is given to me only once, and never will be again I dont want to sit hold for universal happiness, I want to live myself otherwise its better not to live at all Dostoevsky uses the point of view of a first person narrator to portray Raskolnikovs need for pl ea of his murder in order to disclose inner peace. The protagonist has been at constant debate about whether or not he has performed a justified action. He manages to convince himself that by murdering the principle and not the person, he did not step over the morals that he strongly believes in as he was only doing it for the greater good of others.Dostoevsky allows the audience to under carrel Raskolnikovs thoughts so that they can feel that Raskolnikov has finally been able to let go of a part of the inner turmoil that has overcome him throughout the novel. Let him, let him walk around meanwhile, let him I realize all the same that hes my dear little dupe and that he wont persist out-of-door from me Where is he going to plump to, heh, heh What is it, to run extraneous A mere formality thats not the main thing no, he wont run away from me, not just because he has nowhere to run to psychologically he wont run away from me, heh, heh A nice little formulate He wont run away on me by a law of nature, even if he has somewhere to run to.Have you ever seen a moth near a cd? Well, so hell keep circling around me, circling around me, as around a candle freedom will no longer be dear to him, hell fall to thinking, get entangled, hell tangle himself all up as in a net, hell worry Chindasook8 himself to death Whats more, he himself will prepare some sort of mathematical trick for me, something like two times two-if I merely allow him a close to longer intermission And hell keep on, hell keep on making circles around me, narrowing the radius more and more, and-whop Hell aerify discipline into my mouth, and Ill swallow him, sir, and that will be just about agreeable, heh, heh, heh Dostoevsky utilises Porfirys monologue to suggest that Porfiry knows that Raskolnikov is the killer and that the way to make him confess is to lot with his mind. The metaphor of the moth interprets how Porfiry believes that Raskolnikov will eventually worry himself to death which will ultimately lead to a confession. Furthermore, Dostoevsky uses anaphora ( hell keep circling around me) to symbolise the various times that both have discussed about the murder, and that Raskolnikov has thought about confessing many times but hasnt gone through with it yet. paragon will forgive, Raskolnikov replied, and as soon as he uttered it, the tradesman arching to him, not to the ground this time but from the waist, turned slowly, and walked out of the room. Everythings double-ended, now everythings double ended, Raskolnikov kept repeating, and he walked out of the room more cheerful than ever. The struggles not over yet, he said with a revengeful grin, on his way shovel in the stairs. The spite was directed at himself with scorn and shame he looked spur on his faintheartedness Raskolnikov is conf apply and does not know how to react to Nikolais confession to a murder that he didnt commit. The juxtaposition of the spiteful grin accentuates how Raskolnikov feels that the right thing to do is to confess and therefore this state of affairs where he is no longer suspected makes him feel relieved but ashamed of his faintheartedness.The joint the struggles not over yet enunciates how he still cant shake the feeling of guilt and realises Chindasook9 that even though he was not convicted now, there is still a great possibility of him existence convicted in the future as he is ineffective to live with the guilt and burden. I did not kill so that, having obtained means and power I could become a help of mankind. Nonsense I simply killed-killed for myself, for myself alone-and whether I would later become anyones benefactor, or would spend my life like a spider, catching everyone in my web and sucking the life-sap out of everyone, should at that moment have do no difference to meAnd it was not money above all that I wanted when I killed, Sonya not money so much as something else I know all this now Understand me perhaps, continuing on the same pat h, I would never again repeat the murder. There was something else I wanted to know something else was nudging my arm. I wanted to align out thusly, and find out quickly, whether I was a louse like all the rest, or a man? Would I be able to step over or not? Would I dare to reach down and take, or not? Am I a trembling creature or do I have a right Dostoevsky uses a simile to compare Raskolnikovs life with that of a spiders to allow Raskolnikov to realise that the real want behind the murders.By having Raskolnikov confess to Sonya, the author enunciates the idea of Raskolnikov murdering for himself instead of the greater good of others as he initially told himself that he had murdered the pawn lady for her money, but hasnt ever thought about the money once. Dostoevsky adds many elipses to show the protagonists train of thought in which he hasnt fully understood why he did those things. Ultimately, Raskolnikov now realises that he does not have the right to murder another indiv idual, contrary to his previous beliefs, and that he finally knows that his actions were more inconsiderate than he wanted them to be. Chindasook10 How it happened he himself did not know, but suddenly it was as if something lifted him and flung him down at her feet.He wept and embraced her knees. For the first moment she was terribly frightened, and her self-colored face went numb. She jumped up and looked at him, trembling. But all at once, in that same moment, she understood everything. Infinite happiness lit up in her eyes she understood, and for her there was no longer any doubt that he sleep togetherd her, loved her endlessly, and that at last the moment had come. . . . The significance of this moment is very personal as Sonya finally realises that Raskolnikov truly loves her. The moment is dry as the tears that he shed symbolises both the grief over his sins and the joy that he has finally broken free from his social isolation.The musical mode of the moment is that of m elancholic joy as his wisely discovered fad and love allows him to finally find a meaning to life, however he still of necessity to atone for his crimes. Go at once, this very minute, stand at the cross-roads, bow down, first kiss the earth which you have defiled, and then bow down to all the world and say to all men aloud, I am a murderer Then God will send you life again. Will you go, will you go? After Raskolnikov admits that when he murdered the pawnbroker, he has discovered that his is in exertion a louse like everyone else, and asks Sonya what to do. Sonyas quote reveals how she truly cares for him and wants him to do the right thing.Dostoevsky uses a exaggeration to allow the audience to see that Sonya is desperately trying to persuade Raskolnikov to repent his sins, as she asks him to bow down to all the world. This evokes pathos for Raskolnikov Chindasook11 as the sin he has committed is far too large to ask for forgiveness, and for Sonya as the man she loves has disapp ointed her to a great extent. Actions are sometimes performed in a masterly and most cunning way, while the way of life of the actions is deranged and dependent on various morbid impressions-its like a dream. Raskolnikov is surprised at the fact that he had just killed the pawnbroker, but even more so her step daughter.Dostoevsky uses a simile to compare Raskolnikovs actions to that of a dream to enunciate the disbelief that Raskolnikov is experiencing as he cannot believe that he had just committed the crime. Life is real Havent I lived just now? My life has not yet died with that old woman The res publicaof Heaven to her-and now enough, madam, leave me in peace Now for the mold of reason andlight and of will, and of strength and now we will see We will try our strength Raskolnikov realises that even if another person sins, it is unjust for one to end their lives as everyone deserves to live their lives the way they desire. As he speaks with Polenka, he convinces himself that a lthough he has committed a crime, he too still deserves to live, and through will and strength he will make it through this situation.The author uses___ to convey the fact that Raskolnikov still has swear in his life. I see that I want nada. Do you hear? Nothing at all . . . no ones services . . . no ones sympathy. I am by myself . . . alone. Come, thats enough. admit me alone. After Raskolnikov buries the goods he stole from the pawn broker, he decides to visit his friend Razumihin. Initially, it seems as though he wanted to ask his friend for advice about the murders, however he quickly decides against it. Dostoevsky uses anaphora to accentuate Chindasook12 how isolated the protagonist feels at this moment, thus depicting the beginning of his loop downwards into guilt.The repeat of the word alone displays the use of and further enunciates his isolation. Early one even out during an exceptional heat wave in the beginning of July, a girlish man walked out into the street from the little room he rented from tenants on S. Place and slowly almost irresolutely, set off in the direction of K. Bridge. Dostoevsky describes the protagonists walking as slowly and irresolutely, suggesting that Raskolnikov is still uncertain about murdering the pawnbroker, thus depicting that he still has doubts and uncertainties in his mind about the situation. The setting is excessively portrayed as that of an penetrating feeling, thus suggesting the effect of the burden that the situation has on the protagonist. all is in a mans hands and he lets it all slip from cowardice, thats an axiom. It would be fire to know what it is men are most afraid of. The author uses apophthegm to convey Raskolnikovs thought that men are actually fitting of doing what they desire, however the thing that holds them back are their fears. Dostoevsky uses a first person narrator in this instance to allow the audience to understand the protagonists thoughts and understand that the protagonist is wondering what mans greatest fear is, thus conveying the tone of doubt which suggests irresolute feelings. But I cant know the Divine Providence. . . . And why do you ask what cant be answered? Whats the use of such foolish questions?How could it happen that it should depend on my conclusivenesswho has made me a judge to decide who is to live and who is not to live? Chindasook13 This shows that Sonya doesnt believe in Raskolnikovs theory about how some men are more extraordinary than others. Dostoevsky uses analogy to compare the actions of Raskolnikov as one who believes he is a Divine Providence. Furthermore, the author uses allusion to enunciate how farfetched the situation is, that Sonya does have a point as one does not deserve the right to play God. The rhetorical questions also further emphasise how she is trying to persuade him to change his mind and believe her, as his theory is clearly arguable. twinge and suffering are always indispensable for a large intelligence and a deep heart.The really great men must, I think, have great rue on earth. Pain and suffering are constant compositions that are present throughout the novel. Dostoevsky uses Sonya is a symbol to represent this motif as every time Raskolnikov negotiation to her, she seems to express sympathy for Raskolnikov and companionship suffering from watching someone she loves commit a crime. Raskolnikov believed that Extraordinary Men are vulnerable to suffering as well, as they have a greater understanding of their actions, thus he believes that it is himself that suffers the most as no one else understands why he did what he did. The darker the night, the brighter the stars, The deeper the grief, the closer is God Dostoevsky uses anaphora to foreshadow that there is still hope for the protagonist as he has now began his descend into the downward spiral of guilt and dismay. He struggles with the debate of whether or not a confession would be the right thing to do, of whether he would rath er live a life trapped by the secret that he holds, or die by admitting to the crime thus writing his own death strong belief. apposition is also apply to convey the idea that there is still hope for everyone, even in their darkest moments. Chindasook14 And the more I plight the more I feel it. Thats why I drink too. I try to find sympathy and feeling in drink. I drink so that I may suffer twice as much The repetition of drink suggests that this is a daily routine for Marmeladov.This quote enunciates the characters inability to feel emotionally connected to the rest of society, and thus turns to tipsiness to help him feel some sort of emotion. The repetition of the word drink also suggests that Marmeladov feels emotionally isolated everyday of his life, and therefore evokes pathos for the the character, as the audience realises that Marmeladov is unable to feel these emotions, thus may not know the extent of his actions at times. What did they amount to, all those torments Eve rythingeven his crime, even sentence and exileseemed to him now, in his first outburst of feeling, strange and superficial, as though it had not actually happened to him Life replaced logic, and in his consciousness something quite different now had to elaborate and articulate itself. This quote suggests that Raskolnikov is trying to overcome his social anxiety, that he has finally shed a new light on the situation that he is in. He ceases his search for the new word and attempts to play the true word instead. Dostoevsky creates a tone of hope through the phrase life replaced logic, which suggests that Raskolnikov is now able to feel emotions A free sentence is also used in to enunciate how difficult it was for the protagonist to feel these emotions and how all the suffering had amounted to this sudden clarity. Chindasook15 When reason fails, the devil helps As Raskolnikov thought he couldnt obtain the axe, he notices the axe underneath a bench, and therefore causes him to exclai m this claim.This quote also foreshadows the sin that he is about to commit, and also implies that the action is not backed by reason, but is rather influenced by the devil. Well, if hes proud of it, he has reason, I dont deny it. You seem to be offended, sister, at my making only such a frivolous criticism on the letter, and to think that I speak of such trifling matters on manipulation to annoy you. It is quite the contrary, an observation apropos of the style occurred to me that is by no means irrelevant as things stand. There is one flavor, blame yourselves enthrone in very significantly and plainly, and there is besides a bane that he will go away at once if I am present.That brat to go away is equivalent to a threat to abandon you both if you are disobedient, and to abandon you now after call you to Petersburg. Well, what do you think? Can one resent such an expression from Luzhin, as we should if he (he pointed to Razumihin) had written it, or Zossimov, or one of us? W hen the protagonist receives his mothers letter, he despises the situation that is happening to his family. Raskolnikovs mood suggests that detests being unable to help himself, as he refuses to accept his mothers pension. The news that his sister is getting hook up with to Pyotr upsets him, because he knows that Pyotr is simply using the familys poverty to gain a legal concubine. Raskolnikov also reveals in this chapter that he has a large amount of pride in himself. Chindasook16For thats Katerina Ivanovnas character, and when children cry, even from hunger, she falls to beating them at once. Even though Katerina is constantly portrayed as a heartless character, this line evokes pathos for her. This is due to the fact that her kids remain loyal to her and despite the way that she treats them, they still love her. Her abuse is portrayed as indications of her illness and her poverty, therefore she is not all monstrous, however he conditions have get outd her to become this way. No , mother, it shall never be, not whilst I live. I will not have it. This quote shows Raskolnikovs attitude towards Dunyas engagement. It reveals Raskolnikovs pride for himself.The devoting actions of his mother and sister who were instinctive to make consecrates for him may be interpreted as a division towards his haughtiness. This reaction to Dunyas engagement further accentuates his egotism as he disregards the possibility that Dunya could be marrying Luzhin to provide a better life for her and her mother, and mechanically assumes that she is marrying Luzhin for his pastime. Good-bye, till we meet thenI embrace you warmly, warmly, with many kisses. Yours till death, PULCHERIA RASKOLNIKOV. This reveals that Pulcheria really loves her son, and that a major part of his indistinguishability relies on her triumph as being a parent, therefore when she learns about the crimes that her son has committed, her identity is shattered.Pulcheria callously foreshadows her death in the lett er through the sign off, and also declares how much she loves her son. So it is true that men going to execution are passionately interested in any object they chance to see on the way. Chindasook17 Dostoevsky uses a first person narrator to allow the audience to see the attitude that Raskolnikov has towards coming close to being executed. This quote suggests that men who are about to be executed tend to have a greater appreciation towards common things, and will cling onto anything that will give them hope. But ofthat ofthathe Raskolnikov had no recollection, and yet every minute he felt that he had forgotten something he ought to remember.He worried and tormented himself trying to remember. As Raskolnikov a elicitns from his illness, his reality is seemingly confused as he plainly has forgotten the things that he wishes he would forget. Dostoevsky foreshadows how the situation is tormenting the protagonist, and accentuates the guilt that lies within his thoughts because even th ough he seems to not remember, he still feels as if hes forgetting something. His thoughts strayed aimlessly. He found it hard to fix his mind on anything at that moment. He longed to forget himself altogether, to forget everything, and then to wake up and begin life anew Dostoevsky portrays the protagonist as being lost in his thoughts.He conveys the conflict that Raskolnikov is experiencing through the ellipsis, suggesting that Raskolnikov is deep in thought and trying to prolong his time to think about this. Paradox is used between how his thoughts strayed aimlessly yet he longed to forget them, enunciating the fact that he feels conflicted with the situation that is in. I did not bow down to you Sonia, I bowed down to all the suffering of humanity, he said wildly and walked away to the window. Chindasook18 At first appearance, Raskolnikov seems to be romantically deatched to Sonya. He frequently displays these types of comments right after he throws himself at her feet, which of ten happens a lot.However, this quote shows that Raskolnikov views Sonya as a symbol of everyobys suffering. Even as it is, she was quite right she was suffering and that was her asset, so to speak, her capital which she had a perfect right to chuck out of. Semyonovitch views Sonyas prostitution otherwise to the others. He analyses her proceedings as a practical action to help herself alleviate the suffering. Dostoevsky uses a loose sentence to convey this, as Semyonovitch believes that the suffering of prostitution is a better election to the suffering of starving. Allow me to ask you another question out of ingenuous curiosity have you ever spent a night on a hay barge, on the Neva?Marmeladov lets Raskolnikov know that his home life is so unbearable, that he would rather leave and sleep out on the streets. This conveys the theme of the problems in a household, and accentuates the fact that the crisis in is home is caused by no(prenominal) other than himself. Marmeladov knows this fact, yet does not know how to turn this around. And, of course, too, he Pyotr Petrovitch Luzhin did love Dunya in his own way he already possessed her in his dreams and all at once No The nigh day, the very next day, it must all be set right, smoothed over, settled This reveals that Luzhin needs a reality check due to the fact that his fantasy of Dunya is by far removed from the reality of the situation. Dostoevsky uses dramatic irony to convey this. Chindasook19Furthermore, Dostoevsky gives the character a form of his own reality check by curtly removing Luzhin from the novel without any explanation. Surely it isnt beginning already Surely it isnt my penalization coming upon me? It is Just after the murder, Raskolnikov is fixated over the possible evidence that he left by committing his crime. Dostoevsky uses the phrase coming upon me as a metaphor to suggest that his punishment is being indicated by a force of referee, possibly God, thus also meaning that allusion was also used to convey God. other interpretation could also be that Raskolnikov is personifying punishment as a force of arbiter itself. Good God Katerina cried with flashing eyes, is there no justice upon earth? Whom should you protect if not us orphans? Dostoevsky emphasises the theme of the lack of justice for children, predominantly orphans, throughout the novel. This attitude allows the reader to relate to the story as everyone is familiar with the concept of the life of an orphan. This is a particularly well chosen example due to the fact that it is difficult to find a concept where fairness and justice have meaning. You must fulfill the demands of justice. I know that you dont believe it, but indeed, life will bring you through. You will live it down in time. What you need now is sassy air, fresh air, fresh air The repetition of fresh air enunciates the urge for Raskolnikov to start a fresh. Fresh air is used as a symbol to portray the fresh air of hard labour in the Sibe rian prison house camp, which seems to be beneficial for Raskolnikov. This quote shows that Porfiry uses a metaphor to try Chindasook20 to convince Raskolnikov that by serving criminal justice, he can provide himself with a sense of personal justice, which will allow him to begin a new life. It was only in that that he Raskolnikov recognised his criminality, only in the fact that he had been unsuccessful and had confessed it. Although Raskolnikov never actually admits to regretting his actions of injustice before prison, there is a copious amount of evidence to argue an implied regret. Nonetheless, at this moment, the protagonist still views Alyona and Lizaveta as creatures instead of humans.This is shown through him stating his inability to bring a positive connotation to the murders, thus leading him to confessing, and establishing the murders as crimes as well as establishing himself as a criminal. Am I to get married simply for the sake of the furniture? Dostoevsky uses an nar ration to create a laughable affect to allow the reader to emphatise with Luzhin at this moment in the novel. This anecdote conveys the fact that Luzhin has gone through quite some trouble to set up a nice home for Dunya, however he wants her there as a slave, thus conveying the irony in the anecdote. He was one of the numerous and varied legion of dullards, of half-animated abortions, conceited, half-educated coxcombs, who attach themselves to the idea most in fashion only to vulgarize it and who caricature every cause they serve, however sincerely. They Raskolnikov and Sonia were renewed by love the heart of each held infinite sources of life for the heart of the other. Chindasook21 This quote shows juxtaposition from the rest of the novel. Dostoevsky gave the audience the ending that was hoped for, and accentuated the motif that there is hope for everyone in the end. Furthermore, this also enunciates the strength of the draw that Raskolnikov and Sonya have for each other, and t hat Sonya was faithful and had been willing to suffer and wait for the only man she truly loves. There is nothing in the world more difficult than candor, and nothing easier than encomium. If there is a hundredth of a reckon of a false note to candor, it immediately produces dissonance, and as a result, exposure.But in unconditionaltery, even if everything is false down to the last note, it is still pleasant, and people will listen not without pleasure with coarse pleasure, perhaps, but pleasure nevertheless. Svidrigailov is exceedingly competent in the ways of seduction, and his actions horrify Raskolnikov. Dostoevsky uses juxtaposition in the phrase to accentuate the difference between flatter(prenominal)y and candor, and the irony in which people tend to appreciate flattery more than candor, even if they realise that flattery is just a way of trying to get someone to do something that one desires. But at the same time he knew now and knew for certain that, although it filled her with dread and suffering, yet she had a tormenting desire to read and to read tohimthat he might hear it, and to readnowwhatever might come of it This quote may seem very ambiguous at first glance, however, it further accentuates Sonyas symbolism to suffering, as even a simple task of reading to Raskolnikov causes her to suffer. She is portrayed to be terrified of reading to him yet she badly wants to do so. This also Chindasook22 further accentuates Sonyas love for Raskolnikov as she tries her best to please him. Furthermore, since Raskolnikov was one of Sonyas begets only friends at the end of his life, she can also share in mouring her father by reading o Raskolnikov. I am all over covered with blood When Raskolnikov talks to the police magistrate, he means both literally and figuratively. He had just helped out with Marmeladovs accident, which covered him in blood, and was figuratively covered in blood from murdering Alyona.Dostoevsky uses this to convey the internal conf lict in which Raskolnikov is experiencing, thus portraying irony, as he essentially comes very close to confessing to a police officer about his crime. Ive just been kissed by someone who, if I had killed anyone, would just the same in fact I maxim someone else there with a flame-coloured feather. Raskolnikov had just kissed Polenka, Sonyas sister, and this quote suggests Rasklnikovs attraction to Sonya. Sonya has made such a big impression on Raskolnikov as even when he kissed Polenka, he saw someone else there. Dostoevsky uses the metaphor of the flame coloured feathers to convey vivid imagery and imply that Sonya has remained in Raskolnikovs mind as an attractive person. I used to analyse myself down to the last thread, used to compare myself with others, recalled all the smallest glances, smiles and words of those to whom Id tried to be frank, interpreted everything in a bad light, laughed viciously at my attempts to be like the rest and suddenly, in the midst of my laughing, Id give way to sadness, fall into ludicrous despondency and once again start the whole process all over again in short, I went round and round like a squirrel on a wheel. Chindasook23 Dostoevsky uses a simile at the end of this quote to emphasise the infinite round of drinks that the protagonist experiences through being trapped by comparison. The phrase used to conveys the fact that he is now looking back on his nix thoughts and reflecting on the type of person he used to be, suggesting that he has now moved on from this point in life.The irony in the phrase laughed viciously at my attempts to be like the rest further emphasises that he felt innately excluded from the rest of society, and the juxtaposition between laughing and sadness further accentuates the idea in which Raskolnikov is at the two extremes of insanity, implying that he was not like everyone else. I do not withdraw from my chief point. It is me or Luzhin. If I am a scoundrel, you must not be. One is enough. If y ou marry Luzhin, I cease at once to look on you as a sister. Raskolnikov takes on the stereotypical role of the protective big brother in this instance. He believes that his sister deserves better than Luzhin, which also implies that he furtively believes that no one is good enough for his sister. His egocentric behaviour also suggests he believes that his sister is doing this for the sole purpose of alleviating his suffering and thus feels like he is responsible for his sisters suffering in the future. I amRodionRomanovitchRaskolnikov,formerlyastudent, IliveinShilshouse, not farfromhere,flatNumber14, ask the porter, heknowsme. Raskolnikovsaidallthisin alazy, languidvoice, notturninground, butlookingintentlyintothe darkeningstreet. This quote foreshadows Raskolnikovs descend into the guilt that the murder has caused him. Dostoevsky uses the darkening street as a metaphor to convey that the future that lies ahead for Raskolnikov is a dark and unsettling place, and he needs to find a way to get out of it. Moreover, the fact that Raskolnikov answers the answers the question in a very lethargic way Chindasook24 implies that he has not yet realised the extent of his actions, and the word dreamy suggests that he does not believe that this is reality yet.There was lack of precaution on both sides, however, for Porfiry Petrovitch seemed to be laughing in his visitors face and to be very little disturbed at the annoyance with which the visitor received it. The latter fact was very significant in Raskolnikovs eyes he saw that Porfiry Petrovitch had not been embarrassed just before either, but that he, Raskolnikov, had perhaps travel into a trap that there must be something, some motive here unknown to him that, perhaps, everything was in readiness and in another moment would break upon him . . As Raskolnikov discloses to Porfiry that he realises the type of cat and mouse endorse that he is playing, Porfiry attempts to detain Raskolnikov by evealing that he knows thin gs about the protagonist, such as his trip to the crime scene. This suggests that Porfiry presumably knows more that he lets on, and has the authority to sweep through Raskolnikov at any time, thus implying that Porfiry is doing this out of a sincere relish for Raskolnikov and to make the protagonist aware of the error in his theory. It matters nothing, sir. This wagging of heads does not discountenance me, for all these things are already known to everybody and all secrets are revealed, and I bear myself in this matter with humility, not with scorn. Suffer them, suffer them lay eyes on the man Allow me to ask, young man, can you . . . say with conviction that I am not a swine? Dostoevsky portrays many allusions through the character of Marmeladov, he seems to be the connection of the story to biblical parallels. Many lines in this quote correlate with biblical parallels, as in the paradox of the Christian story, it is when Marmeladov has nothing left which is the moment that he puts his faith in the hands of God. Chindasook25 No, Dunechka, I see it all, and I know . . . what you were thinking of, while you paced the room all night, and what you prayed for, kneeling before the icon of Our Lady of Kazan in mamas room. The way to Golgotha is hard Dostoevskys story contains a sacrificial victim obtaining money earned from public degradation of her body.Sonyas oblation of her own body for a public offering creates an allusion which correlates to the bodily sacrifice of Jesus public death on the cross. Moreover, this biblical parallel is further accentuated by Raskolnikovs sister, Dunya, who intends to marry a terribly unsophisticated character, Luzhin, for the sake of her family. Svidrigailovs evil-doings could not be of the same kind. Here we see that Raskolnikov is confused, after his confession to Sonya, the protagonist is suddenly drawn to Svidrigailov without realising that he represents an aspect of the protagonists character. Svidrigailov has recurrent ly affirmed that they had something in common, thus making Raskolnikov feel as if they have a bond, even though he despises Svidrigailov for his flirtatious ways.However, this thought made Raskolnikov rather repulsed by thinking of Sonya, as he feels for her differently than how Svidrigailov treats his women, and eventually attempts to convince himself that even though he murdered someone, they sin differently to each other as Raskolnikov still is able to experience the feelings of love for another being. Chindasook26 He is morose, gloomy, proud and haughty, and of late and perhaps for a long time before he has been suspicious and fanciful. He has a noble nature and a kind heart he does not like showing his feelings and would rather do a cruel thing than open his heart freely. . . Its as though he were alternating between two characters. In a morbid condition, dreams are often rarified by their remarkably graphic, vivid, and extremely lifelike quality. The resulting generate is sometimes monstrous, but the setting and the whole process of the presentation sometimes happen to be so probable, and with details so perspicacious, unexpected, yet artistically consistent with the whole fullness of the picture, that even the dreamer himself would be unable to invent them in reality, though he were as much an artist as Pushkin or Turgenev. Such dreams, morbid dreams, are always long remembered and produce a strong impression on the disturbed and already excited beingness of the person. Raskolnikov had a terrible dream. Such dreams, morbid dreams, are always long remembered and produce a strong impression on the disturbed and already excited organism of the person this indicates his guilt as well as inner turmoil to which morbid dreams disturb his sub conscious state. The resulting picture is sometimes monstrous, but the setting and the whole process of the presentation sometimes happen to be so probable, and with details so subtle, unexpected, yet artistically consistent with the whole fullness of the picture, that even the dreamer himself would be unable to invent them in reality. The horrors committed are so malevolent and wrong that it is hard to fathom as reality.The word subtle is an oxymoron as the deed itself is not subtle but manifests itself in dreams as a subtle sign of guilt. Chindasook27 What do you think? shouted Razumihin, louder than ever, you think I am attacking them for talking nonsense? Not a bit I like them to talk nonsense. Thats mans one privilege over all creation. Through error you come to the truth I am a man because I err You never reach any truth without making fourteen mistakes and very likely a hundred and fourteen. And a ticket thing, too, in its way but we cant even make mistakes on our own account Talk nonsense, but talk your own nonsense, and Ill kiss you for it.To go wrong in ones own way is better than to go right in someone elses. In the first case you are a man, in the second youre no better than a b ird. Truth wont fudge you, but life can be cramped. There have been examples. And what are we doing now? In science, development, thought, invention, ideals, aims, liberalism, judgment, experience and everything, everything, everything, we are still in the propaedeutic class at school. We prefer to live on other peoples ideas, its what we are used to Am I right, am I right? cried Razumihin, wardrobe and shaking the two ladies hands. The fact that raskolikov was watching her and following her at her heels indicates a perverse compulsion and fixing.His lingering on her actions and words suggests that not only is he in love with her, but there is also a deeper and darker side to his affections and alluded to in his passion towards her. The fact that the protagonist struggles to not lead on his interest also suggests that he is mentally and physically devoted to her an obsession of sorts as he has to remind himself and consistently restrain himself. Furthermore the fact that he w alked on more slowly as though waiting for something undermines his rampant desires, in truth, he walks slower to catch glimpses of Sonia his erratic mien is a result of his love and passion towards her. This is ironically shown through the tone and pace of his movement that is slow, in contrast to his emotions that are very much active.